Manufacturing(manufacturing)
Manufacturing is the transformation of
raw materials
into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing ofsemi-manufactures. It is a large branch of
industry
and of
secondaryproduction
.
Although
handicraft
production has been with us for many millennia,modern-style manufacturing is generally regarded as beginning around
1780
with the
British
Industrial Revolution
, spreading thereafter to Continental
Europe
and
North America
, and subsequently around the
world
.
While it remains a huge part of the modern world
economy
—perhaps aquarter of aggregate world production of goods and services—many of the world's wealthier
nations
devote an ever smaller proportion of their workforce to manufacturing activity owing to relocation ofenterprises to lower-wage countries and the rising proportion of economic activity devoted to service activity.
Manufacturing Topics
Taxonomy of manufacturing processes- Casting and molding
-
Casting
- Sand
- Plastic mold
- Shell mold
- Investment (lost wax, precision)
- Permanent mold
- Centrifugal
- Die
- Slush or slurry
- Full mold
- Low pressure
- Continuous Molding
-
Molding
-
Powder metallurgy
- Compaction plus
sintering
-
Plastics
-
Injection
- Compression
- Transfer
- Extrusion
- Blow
- Rotational
- Thermoforming
- Laminating
- Expandable bead
- Foam
- Rotomolding
- Vacuum plug assist
- Pressure plug assist
- Matched mold
- Deformation (forming and shearing)
-
Forming
-
Forging
- Smith
- Hammer
- Drop
- Press
- Impact (see also extrusion)
- Upset
- No draft
- High-energy-rate
- Cored
- Incremental
- Powder
-
Rolling
- Shape
- Ring
- Transverse
- Orbital
- Cross-rolling
- Thread
-
Stretching
(expanding)
-
Drawing
(shrinking) of wire bar or tube
- Embossing
- Coining
- Stamping
- Sizing
- Redrawing
- Bulging
- Necking
- Nosing
- Ironing
- Deep drawing
-
Swaging
-
Extrusion
- Spinning
- Bending
- Miscellaneous other
- Peening
- Guerin process
- Wheelon process
- Magnetic pulse
- Explosive
-
Electroforming
- Staking
- Seaming
- Flanging
- Straightening
-
Shearing
- Line shearing (slitting)
- Blanking
- Piercing or punching
- Follow-up on #2 and #3
- Trimming
- Shaving
- Notching
- Perforating
- Nibling
- Dinking
- Lancing
- Cutoff
- Pulverizing
-
Crushing
- Jaw crusher
- Gyratory crusher
- Rollers
- Edge runner
- Hammer mill
-
Grinding
-
Ball mill
-
Buhrstone mill
-
Atomization
- Centrifugal disintegration
- Machining (material removal)
-
Milling
- Peripheral (slab)
- Face
- Chemical
-
Turning
- Facing
- Boring
- Spinning (flow turning)
- Knurling
- Cutoff (parting)
-
Drilling
- Reaming
- Countersinking
- Tapping
-
Sawing
- Filing
-
Broaching
-
Shaping
- Horizontal
- Vertical
- Special purpose
-
Planing
- Double housing
- Open-side
- Edge or plate
- Pit-type
-
Grinding
(abrasive machining)
- Abrasive jet machining
- Honing
- Lapping
- Superfinishing
- Barrel finishing
- Vibratory finishing
- Spindle finishing
- Abrasive belt
- Polishing
- Buffing
- Burnishing
- Grit- or shot-blasting
- Tumbling
- Wire brushing
- Electropolishing
- Electro-chemical grinding
-
Routing
-
Hobbing
(hubbing)
- Ultrasonic
- Electrical discharge
-
Electron beam
- Electrochemical
- Chemical
- Photochemical
-
Laser
beam
- Joining
-
Welding
- Arc
-
Manual metal
- Shielded metal
- Gas metal
- Pulsed
- Short circuit
- Electrogas
- Spray transfer
- Gas tungsten
- Flux-cored
-
Submerged
- Plasma arc
- Carbon arc
- Stud
- Electroslag
- Atomic hydrogen
- Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas)
- Impregnated tape
- Oxyfuel gas
-
Oxyacetylene
gas
-
Methylacetylene propadiene
(MAPP)
- Air-acetylene
- Oxyhydrogen
- Pressure gas
- CO2
- Resistance
- Spot
- Projection
- Seam
- Flash butt (flash)
- Upset(butt)
- Percussion
- Solid state
- Ultrasonic
- Explosive
- Diffusion
- Hot press
- Isostatic hot gas
- Vacuum furnace
- Friction
- Inertia
- Forge
-
Cold
- Roll
- Electron beam
- Laser beam
- Solid-state
- Axial-flow gas
- Cross-flow gas
-
Thermite
- Induction
- Low frequency (50-450 Hz)
- High frequency (induction resistance; 200-450 kHz)
- High frequency resistance
- Electromagnetic
- Flow
-
Brazing
- Torch
- Induction
- Furnace
- Dip
- Resistance
- Infrared
- Vacuum
-
Soldering
- Iron
- Resistance
- Hot plate
- Oven
- Induction
- Dip
- Wave
- Ultrasonic
-
Sintering
(of powdered metals)
- Adhesive bonding (incomplete)
- Thermo-setting and thermoplastic
-
Epoxy
- Modified epoxy
- Phenolics
-
Polyurethane
- Adhesive alloys
- Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes
- Metal fasteners
-
Screws
-
Nuts
and
bolts
-
Rivets
-
Pins
-
Cotter
- Groove
- Tapered
- Roll
- Retaining rings
- Quick-release
-
Stitching
-
Stapling
- Shrink fitting
- Press fitting
- Plastic
- Hot-air-welding
- Friction
- Heated metal plate
-
Solvent
- Dielectric
-
Magnetics
-
Ultrasonic
- Radio frequency welding
Manufacturing Systems
Theories
Control
Manufacturing Engineering
Assembly Systems
Design
Others
Lists of related topics
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