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Microbiology(microbiology)Microbiology is the study of microorganisms ,including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes , fungi , and viruses . Today, most of the work in microbiology is done using methods from biochemistry and genetics . It is alsorelated to pathology , immunology , and epidemiology as many microorganisms are pathogens . Microbiologists have made many fundamental contributions to biology , especially inthe fields of biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology . Microbes have manytraits that make them ideal model organisms :
These traits allowed Joshua and Esther Lederberg to devise an elegant experiment in 1951 demonstrating that adaptive mutations arise from preadaptation rather than directed mutation. For this purpose, they invented replica plating , which allowed them to transfer numerous bacterial colonies from their specific locations on one agar-filledpetri dish to analogous locations on several other petri dishes. After replicating a plate of E. coli, they exposed eachof the new plates to phage . They observed that phage-resistant colonies were present atanalogous locations on each of the plates, allowing them to conclude that the phage resistance trait had existed in the originalcolony, which had never been exposed to phage, instead of arising after the bacteria had been exposed to the virus. The extensive characterization of microbes has allowed them to be used as tools in other branches of biology:
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microbiolgoy, cells, microboilogy, phage, microbioloyg, biochemistry, microbiologi, bacteria, mircobiology, inserted, microiology, organisms, micorbiology, exposed, micobiology, locations, mirobiology, colonies, microbioloy, traits, microbioogy, allowing, microbilogy, modified, microbology, plates, microbiolog, thereby, micrbiology, produce, mcrobiology, thebacteria, micrboiology, product, mcirobiology, isolate, , select, microbiloogy, trait, imcrobiology, originalcolony, icrobiology, resistance, microbiolgy, resistant, microbioolgy, atanalogous, microibology, arising This article is completely or partly from Wikipedia - The Free Online Encyclopedia. Original Article. The text on this site is made available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation Licence. We take no responsibility for the content, accuracy and use of this article. Anoca.org Encyclopedia 0.01s |